Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

用户星对中继卫星的跟踪规律研究

根据中继卫星系统中用户星跟踪中继卫星的要求，定义了用户星天线坐标系，推导出了用户星天线对中继卫星的跟踪规律。通过该跟踪规律可以推出用户星天线跟踪中继卫星的跟踪角度、角速度和角加速度。同时，在给定系统一定初始条件的情况下，利用该跟踪规律分别推出了用户星最大跟踪角度和角速度与用户星轨道高度和用户星轨道倾角之间的关系。最后利用STK(Satellite Tool Kit)对该跟踪规律进行了间接验证。     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

用太阳辐射波检测调试卫星地面站天线

建立成套卫星地面站天线和馈源质量监测手段，对卫星地面站研制生产单位是很必要的。现型仪器设备的购置和微波暗室的建立要消耗高额资金，给若干单位造成了困难。利用太阳辐射波作源信号，再配备一套简易微波场强测量仪的检测、调试卫星地面站天馈系统组装质量方案，其实施、使用方便，可供有关单位借鉴和参考。     

靶场外测数据野值点的统计诊断技术

本文修正了野值点的数学描述性定义，建立了野值的分类模型，创立了多个野值点及野值斑点的“稳健－似然比”检验技术，并进行了仿真计算。     

导弹机动突防滑模制导律

为了得到一种用于导弹机动突防的制导律,我们在制导律设计中令视线角速率跟踪正弦有界震荡信号.在导弹机动突防过程中,导弹自动驾驶仪的惯性滞后会影响制导精度.我们利用递推李雅普诺夫设计方法推导出了一种考虑自动驾驶仪惯性的运动跟踪滑模制导律,它可以令视线角速率跟踪给定的指令信号.仿真结果表明,这种制导律可以令导弹机动突防成功的概率提高到89%,而且在自动驾驶仪滞后情况下的制导精度很高,脱靶量仅有0.3mm.     

固体发动机复合材料壳体密封隔热涂层研究和应用

研制了以室温硫化硅橡胶为基料并进行了改性的固体火箭发动机密封用隔热涂层。其性能满足工作压强４０－５０ＭＰａ，燃烧温度３０００－３５００℃，飞行过载６０００ｇ的工作条件下的某发动机要求，已得到成功应用。     

短脉冲信号的天线旁瓣响应

讨论了信号在很短的持续时间内，天线旁瓣区域接收的信号波形。可以发现，输出信号的波形与输入信号的波形是完全不同的。给出了分析理论解释并举例说明了这些影响，还证实了分析的有效性。提出了多种用途。     

一种机载监视雷达演示验证样机

信号处理技术的进步使雷达设计师更有可能开发复杂的探测与成像算法。然而，许多现有的监视雷达系统的设计缺陷却造成了即使仅对算法做小的变化也需要对雷达硬件进行费钱费时的改动这样一种局面。因此，在设计将来的雷达系统时，应采用可编程处理器，具要应用明确定义的接口将处理器与微波硬件隔离开来。本文介绍了我们的一个研究计划的成果，在这项研究计划中，我们通过将现有的在役机载海洋监视雷达与商用计算机工作站和大带宽磁带记录仪关联起来，构成了一个快速原型环境。